Military+History


 * **__Course Description/Objective__:** Military History is a course designed to provide the student with a comprehensive survey of the history, principles, effects, practices, and the profession of armed conflict. Students will examine the role of the military and conflict on both the ancient and modern world. Students will research and analyze the strategic, technological, cultural, and political influence of warfare on human history and the development of civilizations from Ancient Greece to the war in Afghanistan. Students will develop an awareness of the realities of war through eyewitness accounts, oral histories, film video, pictures and literature. Additionally, this course will debate the many reasons why Military History is the most common theme of modern popular history.

Demonstrate an understanding of basic military historiography. Demonstrate the ability to analyze primary and secondary source information. Understand the difference between strategic and tactical military planning. Demonstrate skills and researching and writing about a topic. Demonstrate the ability to critique various forms of popular history. Understand the role of technology in military history. Understand the influence of societal and cultural views on warfare. || ||   ||   ||   || __Week 1__: Why do we fight? Examining war as an agent of change and “instrument” of politics: the ideas of Sun Tzu, Clausewitz, Mao, and Patton. || **Readings and Assignments** || **People** || **Vocabulary** || **Events** ||
 * __Course Goals__**:
 * ===**Unit I - What is War ?**=== ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **__Course Topics and Outline__**:
 * ======What is warfare?======

Why do we fight?




||

|| Sun Tzu Jomini Carl von Clausewitz Albert Mahan Julian Corbett Giulio Douhet Billy Mitchell || Warfare Strategy Tactics Organization (column & line) Offense v. Defense Inventive Cycle Mobility Security & Firepower Logistics Resources Weapons: club, spear, bow, knives, mace, ax, gladius, atlatl, pilum, xiphos, aspis, scutum, chariot, sarissa Troops: heavy infantry, light infantry, skirmishers, cavalry ||  ||  What factors allowed the Greeks to successfully defeat the Persians?  Explain how the conquests of Alexander and the expansion of the Hellenistic culture helped to facilitate trade between the eastern and western regions of Eurasia. ||
 * ===**Unit 2 - The Greeks and Romans**=== ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * __Week 2__: The Greeks and the “citizen” armies of Alexander the Great || **Readings and Assignments** || **People** || **Vocabulary** || **Events** ||
 * Identify and explain the reasons for the success and accomplishments of the Greek military system.

|| Militades Leonidas Darius Philip Alexander the Great || Delian League phalanx, Macedonian phalanx Hoplite, Hoplon Naval Warfare: galley, trireme, bireme, corvus Siege || Battle of Thermopylae Marathon Peloponnesian Wars Persian Wars Gaugamela (Arbela) Tyre || What kinds of materials and laborers did the Roman army need in order to keep producing gear? How might this have affected where the army decided to attack? One of the reasons for the military revisions was Roman officials and emperors believed “that civilization made men soft”. Why do you think officials believed this? Do you believe the changes to the Roman Military were the best for the empire? Why or Why not? Provide Perspective, Evidence and Analysis for your response.
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * || [[image:http://www.usma.edu/_layouts/images/adobe_pdf_icon.png width="16" height="16" link="http://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Ancient%20Warfare/01PlataeaBattle.pdf"]] [|The Battle of Plataea] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * **__Week 3__: The Roman Legion and the birth of the “Western Way of War”.** || **Readings and Assignments** || People || Vocabulary || Events ||
 * ===What Characteristics Allowed the Roman Military to Dominate and Why?===

||







|| Scipio Caesar || Legion, cohort, Hadrian's wall Hastat legionnaire Velites Triarii Ferentarii Trireme Quinquereme Scutum Legionnaire Pilum Contubernium Maniple Cohort Century || Conquest of Gaul ||
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="T0SNjnsi_rM" width="560" height="315" || [[image:http://www.usma.edu/_layouts/images/adobe_pdf_icon.png width="16" height="16" link="http://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/Ancient%20Warfare/24AlesiaSiege.pdf"]] [|Caesar’s Gallic Wars: The Siege of Alesia, 52 B.C.] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * **Unit Three - Asian Military Strategies and Tactics** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **__Week 4-5__: Asian ways of war: China, Japan, the Middle East, and the evolution of military technology.** || **Readings and Assignments** || **People** || **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * How did the offensive strategies of the Mongols influence the defensive strategies of the Chinese?



||





|| Sargon of Akkad Ghengis Khan || Palette of Narmer, Standard of Ur The Arab Conquest ||   || How does feudalism work? Why did gun powder replace earlier forms of weapons? How did the use of gun powder encourage changes in strategy and tactic? How did fortifications change as a result of the development of gun powder? How did chivalry impact rules for warfare? Is chivalry still present in warfare today? What was the driving force behind the Viking invasion? Was wealth one of the driving forces behind the Crusades and Arab conquests? How did the development of the longbow change the outcome of the 100 years war?
 * media type="youtube" key="BsnsqY09jVY" width="560" height="315" ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Unit Four - Medieval Warfare and the Rise of the Professional Soldier** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **__Week 6__: Medieval Warfare = Knights, armor, castles, and the “sport of conflict”: How the warrior became the “king” of medieval society.** || **Readings and Assignments** || **People** || **Vocabulary** || **Events** ||
 * What created the need for feudalism?

||







|| Saladin Mohammad Vauban Pope Urban II Charlemagne || Barbarian Invasion * Vikings, Norse, Goths, Huns, Vandals, Mongols Economic Decline/Failure Overextension Civil war Feudalism Chivalry Castle (military purpose) * Gate, Keep, Arrow Loop, Towers, Motte, Moat, Curtain Wall, Crenellations Motte and Bailey The Star Fortification Longship Gunpowder: match lock, wheel lock, flint lock, percussion cap, cartridge, caseless cartridge Siege Engines Longbow, composite bow, crossbow Knight Cannon || 1st Crusade Crusades The Holy Land, Palestine, Jerusalem, Mecca Battles: Hattin, Constantinople, Manzikert 100 years War Battle of Crecy Battle of Agincourt ||
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="kjSMMAAcvYQ" width="560" height="315" || [|The Battle of Crecy, 26 August 1346]

[|The Battle of Poitiers, 19 September 1356] ||  ||   ||   || What will happen with the loss of a central government? How did the creation of a professional military change the tactics of warfare? What is the Nation State? How can a strong centralized government influence the size and power of its military capabilities? How did the rifled musket impact war? What impact did industrialization have on military capacity?
 * **__Week 7__: Imperial Military History: The Renaissance and the race for Empires in Europe: Examining European ways of war vs. Native ways of war.** || **Readings and Assignments** || **People** || **Vocabulary** || **Events** ||
 * What does a strong central government provide?

||



[|DBQ- 18th Century European Struggle for Global Power (2013- AP Exam)] || Gustavus Adolphus Frederick the Great Napoleon Alfred Mahan Hans Guderian || Standardization Industrialization Imperialism Centralized Government Nation State Oblique Order La Grande Armee Nationalism Conscription Corps Combined Arms || Battle of Breitenfeld Invasion of Russia Battle of Waterloo Seven Years War || media type="youtube" key="-4x0XzT4MU8" width="560" height="315" || [|Swedish Tactical Formations under Gustavus]
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="Jl3stf20X10" width="560" height="315"

[|The Seven Years War, Frederick's Strategy]

[|Waterloo and Vicinity, 1815 - The Battle of Waterloo, Situation 1000 Hours, 18 June]

[|Brussels and Vicinity, 1815 - Situation, 1000 hours 18 June]

[|Waterloo Battlefield, 1815 - Situation, 1600 hours 18 June]

[|Waterloo Battlefield, 1815 - Situation, 1930 hours 18 June] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * ==**Unit 5 - War in the New World Colonial to 1812**== ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * __Week 8-9__: “The American Way of War”: How American military history created the modern world, and conflict between Indians and white settlers led to the development of “guerrilla” warfare in the New World. - The French and Indian War || Readings and Assignments || People || **Vocabulary** || Events ||
 * || [[file:phs-sources/french_and_indian_war_dbq.pdf|DBQ- French and Indian War]]



|| King Philip Pontiac Black Hawk Crazy Horse Geronimo Tehcumseh Osceola ||  ||   || media type="youtube" key="1ssbgJ3D6cw" width="560" height="315" || 
 * __Week 10__: David vs. Goliath: The American Revolution and War of 1812. || **Readings and Assignments** || **People** || **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * media type="youtube" key="1_fijarpw8c" width="556" height="347"

 ||  ||   ||   || || || Ulysses S. Grant
 * =**Unit 6 - Development of Modern Warfare - The American Civil War and World War I**= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * __Week 11__: The American Civil War = Total War. || Readings and Assignments || People || **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * [[file:Civil War Technology.ppt|Civil War Technology]]

Robert E. Lee

George McClellan

Thomas Jackson

George Meade

Pierre Beauregard

Philip Sheridan  George Pickett

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">William Sherman

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">James Longstreet

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Joe Hooker

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Ambrose Burnside || Mini Ball Steam Engine Iron Clad Ships of the Line Artillery <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Fredericksburg <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Gettysburg <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Chancellorsville <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Appomattox Courthouse (day of surrender) <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Antietam <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Shiloh <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Vicksburg <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Sherman’s March/“March to the Sea” <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Bull Run || What were the conditions faced in the First World War, and what impact did that have on the face of warfare? ||
 * Breech Loader
 * Muzzle Loader || **__<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Battles __**
 * media type="youtube" key="ztdnHQGQCEk" width="420" height="315" ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **__Week 12-13__: The Great War and the influence of the “American Way of War” on the 20th century world.** || Readings and Assignments || People || **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * What happens when weaponry and technological developments progresses faster than military strategy and tactics?

|| Alfred von Schlieffen || Trench Machine Gun Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Tank: Little Willy, Mark I || Battle of Verdun ||
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="XqIhpYlhZKQ" width="560" height="315" || [[image:http://www.usma.edu/_layouts/images/adobe_pdf_icon.png width="16" height="16" link="http://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/World%20War%20I/WWOne12.pdf"]] [|Verdun and Vicinity, 1916 - The Battle of Verdun, Situation 21 February 1916] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * =Unit 7 - World War II= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **__Week 14-15__: The American Experience in WWII: The fall of Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany and the rise of nuclear power.** || **Readings and Assignments** || People || **Vocabulary** || **Events** ||
 * What are the components of Blitzkrieg and what was its impact upon military strategy, tactics, and weaponry?

|| || General Patton General MacArthur General Tojo Jimmy Doolittle || Air Supremacy Strategic and Tactical Bombing Blitzkrieg Total War Radar, Sonar Manhattan Project || Battle of Britain Battle of Stalingrad ||
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="upGRTbf45FA" width="560" height="315" || [[file:phs-sources/img47.gif|1944-D-day Map]]

[|The Battle of Stalingrad]

[|The Invasion Of Normandy And Operations, 6-12 June 1944] ||  ||   ||   || Why don’t nations use atomic weapons today? Why did we enter into the Cold War? What are the characteristics of the Age of Modern Warfare, and how did they develop from the technology, resources, and ideologies of the era? How did the terrain and battle conditions faced in Vietnam change military strategy, tactics, and weaponry? What role does the media play in modern warfare? What are the challenges faced by fighting a war against freedom fighters? || || Fidel Castro || Trinity Fat Man & Little Boy Hiroshima Nagasaki Kiloton Megaton Deterrence Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) Sputnik ICBM First Strike Capability Ballistic Missile Submarine Dirty Bombs V1 & V2 Cruise Missile Stealth Jet Aircraft Satellites Weapons of Mass Destruction Cuban Missile Crisis ||  || Why is it an advantage to underdeveloped nations or groups of people? What is the goal of terrorism? How has the digital age impacted the weaponry, tactics, and strategies employed on the modern battlefield? What are the challenges faced by fighting a war against insurgents? What are the current trends and concerns in warfare and what are their potential effects? How did the weaponry and tactics evolve during the second half of the 20th Century? ||
 * =Unit 8 - Warfare under the Bomb= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * __Week 16-17__: Confused Conflicts: Korea, Vietnam, and their influence on the relationship between the Army and the American psyche and society. || Readings and Assignments || People || **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * Where/When was the first atomic bomb used on the battlefield?
 * || **Atlas References** ||  ||   ||   ||
 * || [|The Bombing of Japan] ||  ||   ||   ||
 * __Week 18__: American Military Practice in the Present: 4GW (Fourth Generation Warfare) || Readings and Assignments || People || **Vocabulary** ||  ||
 * Why did we enter into the War on Terror?What is guerrilla warfare?

|| Osama Bin Ladin ||  ||   ||
 * || Atlas References ||  ||   ||   ||
 * media type="youtube" key="OX6zxjxlA_4" width="560" height="315" || [[image:http://www.usma.edu/_layouts/images/adobe_pdf_icon.png width="16" height="16" link="http://www.usma.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/First%20Gulf%20War/GulfWarFirst01.pdf"]] [|The Middle East, 1990] ||  ||   ||   ||

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -40px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 2826.5px; width: 1px;"> [|The Battle of Plataea]